GitHub, Inc. It offers the distributed version control and source code management SCM functionality of Git, plus its own features. It provides access control and several collaboration features such as bug tracking , feature requests, task management , continuous integration , and wikis for every project. It is commonly used to host open-source projects.
Development of the GitHub. Hyett and Scott Chacon after it had been made available for a few months prior as a beta release. In , GitHub, Inc. The company, GitHub, Inc. On February 24, , GitHub announced that within the first year of being online, GitHub had accumulated over 46, public repositories, 17, of which were formed in the previous month.
At that time, about 6, repositories had been forked at least once and 4, had been merged. That same year, the site was used by over , users, according to GitHub, and had grown to host 90, unique public repositories, 12, having been forked at least once, for a total of , repositories.
In , GitHub was hosting 1 million repositories. In , GitHub opened an office in Japan, its first outside of the U. On February 28, , GitHub fell victim to the third-largest distributed denial-of-service DDoS attack in history, with incoming traffic reaching a peak of about 1. From , Microsoft became a significant user of GitHub, using it to host open-source projects and development tools such as. The deal closed on October 26, Nat Friedman resigned November 3, ; replaced by Thomas Domke.
This acquisition was in line with Microsoft’s business strategy under CEO Satya Nadella , which has seen a larger focus on cloud computing services, alongside the development of and contributions to open-source software.
In September , GitHub acquired Semmle, a code analysis tool. In early July , the GitHub Archive Program was established, to archive its open-source code in perpetuity. GitHub’s mascot is an anthropomorphized “octocat” with five octopus-like arms.
GitHub became interested in Oxley’s work after Twitter selected a bird that he designed for their own logo. GitHub renamed Octopuss to Octocat, [58] and trademarked the character along with the new name.
Projects on GitHub. Multiple desktop clients and Git plugins are also available. The site provides social networking -like functions such as feeds, followers, wikis using wiki software called Gollum and a social network graph to display how developers work on their versions ” forks ” of a repository and what fork and branch within that fork is newest. Anyone can browse and download public repositories but only registered users can contribute content to repositories.
With a registered user account, users are able to have discussions, manage repositories, submit contributions to others’ repositories, and review changes to code. Previously, only public repositories were free. The main purpose of GitHub. Labels, milestones, responsibility assignment, and a search engine are available for issue tracking.
For version control, Git and by extension GitHub. Users with the ability to review the proposed changes can see a diff of the requested changes and approve them.
In Git terminology, this action is called “committing” and one instance of it is a “commit. The terms of service state, “By setting your repositories to be viewed publicly, you agree to allow others to view and fork your repositories.
GitHub Enterprise is a self-managed version of GitHub. It can be run on an organization’s own hardware or on a cloud provider, and it has been available since November According to GitHub, the source code came from GitHub accidentally sharing the code with Enterprise customers themselves, not from an attack on GitHub servers. GitHub Pages is a static web hosting service offered by GitHub since to GitHub users for hosting user blogs , project documentation, [80] [81] or even whole books created as a page.
All GitHub Pages content is stored in a Git repository, either as files served to visitors verbatim or in Markdown format. GitHub is seamlessly integrated with Jekyll static website and blog generator and GitHub continuous integration pipelines. Each time the content source is updated, Jekyll regenerates the website and automatically serves it via GitHub Pages infrastructure. As with the rest of GitHub, it includes both free and paid tiers of service, instead of being supported by web advertising.
Websites generated through this service are hosted either as subdomains of the github. GitHub also operates a pastebin -style site called Gist , [13] which is for code snippets , as opposed to GitHub proper, which is for larger projects. Gist builds on the traditional simple concept of a pastebin by adding version control for code snippets, easy forking, and TLS encryption for private pastes.
Because each “gist” is its own Git repository, multiple code snippets can be contained in a single page and they can be pushed and pulled using Git. Unregistered users were able to upload Gists until March 19, , when uploading gists was restricted to logged-in users, reportedly to mitigate spamming on the page of recent gists. Gists’ URLs use hexadecimal IDs, and edits to gists are recorded in a revision history , which can show the text difference of thirty revisions per page with an option between a “split” and “unified” view.
Like repositories, Gists can be forked, “starred”, i. The count of revisions, stars, and forks is indicated on the gist page. GitHub launched a new program called the GitHub Student Developer Pack to give students free access to popular development tools and services.
In GitHub announced the launch of the GitHub Campus Experts program [92] to train and encourage students to grow technology communities at their universities. The Campus Experts program is open to university students 18 years and older across the world. To become a Campus Expert applicants must complete an online training course consisting of multiple modules designed to grow community leadership skills.
GitHub also provides some software as a service “SaaS” integrations for adding extra features to projects. Those services include:. GitHub Sponsors allows users to make monthly money donations to projects hosted on GitHub. The Verge said that GitHub Sponsors “works exactly like Patreon ” because “developers can offer various funding tiers that come with different perks, and they’ll receive recurring payments from supporters who want to access them and encourage their work” except with “zero fees to use the program.
Furthermore, users still can use other similar services like Patreon and Open Collective and link to their own websites. The archive contained the code of all active public repositories, as well as that of dormant, but significant public repositories. The 21 TB of data was stored on piqlFilm archival film reels as matrix 2D barcode Boxing barcode , and is expected to last —1, years.
The GitHub Archive Program is also working with partners on Project Silica, in an attempt to store all public repositories for 10, years. It aims to write archives into the molecular structure of quartz glass platters, using a high-precision laser that pulses a quadrillion 1,,,,, times per second.
GitHub’s CEO Chris Wanstrath wrote on the company blog, “The investigation found Tom Preston-Werner in his capacity as GitHub’s CEO acted inappropriately, including confrontational conduct, disregard of workplace complaints, insensitivity to the impact of his spouse’s presence in the workplace, and failure to enforce an agreement that his spouse should not work in the office.
On July 25, , a developer based in Iran wrote on Medium that GitHub had blocked his private repositories and prohibited access to GitHub pages. It was also revealed that using GitHub while visiting sanctioned countries could result in similar actions occurring on a user’s account. GitHub responded to complaints and the media through a spokesperson, saying:.
GitHub is subject to US trade control laws, and is committed to full compliance with applicable law. At the same time, GitHub’s vision is to be the global platform for developer collaboration, no matter where developers reside. As a result, we take seriously our responsibility to examine government mandates thoroughly to be certain that users and customers are not impacted beyond what is required by law.
This includes keeping public repositories services, including those for open source projects, available and accessible to support personal communications involving developers in sanctioned regions.
Developers who feel that they should not have restrictions can appeal for the removal of said restrictions, including those who only travel to, and do not reside in, those countries.
GitHub has forbidden the use of VPNs and IP proxies to access the site from sanctioned countries, as purchase history and IP addresses are how they flag users, among other sources. On December 3, , Russia blacklisted GitHub. On April 19, , Chinese police detained Chen Mei and Cai Wei volunteers for Terminus , a project hosted on GitHub , and accused them of “picking quarrels and provoking trouble.
This contract was renewed in , despite internal opposition from many GitHub employees. As of November 13, , five workers had resigned over the contract. The letter has been signed by more than people. In January , GitHub fired one of its employees after he expressed concern for colleagues as a violent mob stormed the U.
Capitol , calling some of the rioters “Nazis. As a result of the investigation, GitHub reached out to the employee, and the company’s head of human resources resigned. Linus Torvalds , the original developer of the Git software, has criticized the merging ability of the GitHub interface.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hosting service for software projects using Git. Not to be confused with Git or GitLab. Hyett Scott Chacon. This section is in list format but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this section , if appropriate. Editing help is available. August This article’s Criticism or Controversy section may compromise the article’s neutral point of view of the subject. Please integrate the section’s contents into the article as a whole, or rewrite the material.
April Main article: Censorship of GitHub. Computer programming portal Free and open-source software portal. June 5, Archived from the original on March 22, Retrieved November 26,
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